theorists-->laura mulvey...and the male gaze.
masculinity and femininity-->cross gendering"mrs doubtfire"/"white chicks"
useful books-->Representing women myths of femininity in the popular media By Myra MacDonald (1995)
the superior roles females have taken recently in the media
how males prevent female dominance in x men 3
Thursday, 22 November 2007
Sunday, 4 November 2007
Book Research
Working girls by Yvonne Tasker 1998 published simultaneously in USA and Canada. Reprinted in 2000 2002 twice 2004 and 2005
I worked through this book and it had a specific section of the representation of working women in the crime series and department in the media, it focused on the women in a program called cagney and lacey which is quite an old text to refer to but is still relevant.
Here are 2 of the few quotes I found relevant and can comment on in my independent study.
“There are only 3 ages for women in Hollywood. Babe, District attorney and driving miss daisy” Elise Eliot in the first wives club.
This was a quote taken form the show Cagney and lacey
“I hope the people of United States of America will be able to sleep better knowing that women like us have guns- thank you.” (Page 94)
The specific reference to WOMEN and not PEOPLE defines them as female characters and does not generalize between the genders.
A few hundred years back it would have been ok for men to carry a gun but for women it would almost be a crime. Now women carrying guns is seen as a good thing which shows how time has moved on and the movement of feminism has helped having a more equal society status.
That specific section also talks about a theory about the opposition of characters; in general for example it would be a man and woman….the opposites. But in the case of Cagney and lacey it shows more detailed differences, directly linking to gender differences, for example a feminine female and a more butch female, blonde hair brunette hair, smart female and a scruffy female. This is also seen in CSI with Sara and Catherine, where Sara is seen as the more masculine woman, and Catherine is the more feminine woman.
from here to modernity: feminism and post feminism By Barbara Creed (1987)
Whereas feminism would attempt to explain that crisis [of legitimation that Lyotard has described] in terms of the workings of patriarchal ideology and the oppression of women and other minority groups, postmodernism looks to other possible causes – particularly the West’s reliance on ideologies which posit universal truths – Humanism, History, Religion, Progress, etc. While feminism would argue that the common ideological position of all these ‘truths’ is that they are patriarchal, postmodern theory...would be reluctant to isolate a single major determining factor.
(Creed, 1987:52)
Defining women: TV and the case of cagney and lacey by Julie D’Acci (1994)
Reading through a few of the pages explains the ideology behind the program of cagney and lacey. It is not a feminist text, but helps the audience read more in tune with the feminist Aims of the program.
It also talks about the sexual spectacle made of the females in the media for male gaze. It carries on further in the text about pleasing and fulfilling the audiences fantasies, both male and female.
Fabrications: costume and the female body by Gaines Jane and Herzog charlotte(1990)
Although I haven’t had a chance to read through this book because I have to find it first, I’ve read a brief Summary posted up on the internet and this book basically takes Laura Mulvey’s theory and pushes it further with its own ideas, of how costumes helps the representation of women in media, to fulfil the voyeuristic male gaze.
Murder by the book feminism and the crime novel by Sally Munt(1994)
This book focuses on crime fiction novels rather than moving texts but I’m sure I could find a book I could relate back to in my independent study.
Spectacular bodies: gender, genre and the action cinema By Yvonne Tasker(1993)
This book talks about the representation of gender rather then sex, as Brigitte neilson, is a tall butch like female but her feminine features such as her breasts are enhanced naturally gives her a sexual fantasy look and has worked in Beverley hill cops. It also talks about how her real life is misrepresented and how men fear her because of her shape and size.
It also talks about how sometimes women are just used as a spectacle to make the story more complex and interesting, but as a human or infact a heroine she is of no real importance, her character won’t be a main one within the story if she’s supposed to be a saviour. Women are usually shown as the ones desperately seeking protection rather than actually helping to save someone.
The final Frontier By Glenda Riley
Need to borrow it to read through it
A woman’s place? By Monica Vincent (1982)
Can’t find a copy online but will follow up in our school library.
Representing women myths of femininity in the popular media By Myra MacDonald (1995)
This will hopefully be one of my biggest and best sources, flicking through the book I realised there is so much I can extract from that and can help me with my independent study, so I will have to …soon borrow this from the library and actually read through it thoroughly in order to understand the theory behind it.
Women gossip Women giggle. Women niggle-niggle-niggle. Men Talk.(Liz Lochhead, "Men Talk" from True Confessions, 1986)
Shopping is to a woman what getting drunk is to a man.(Columnist Dorothy Dix in Daily Mirror, 19 December 1935)
Nothing is impossible, not for she devils.Peel away the wife, the mother, find the woman, and there the she devil is.( Fay Weldon, The Life and Loves of a She Devil, 1983)
I worked through this book and it had a specific section of the representation of working women in the crime series and department in the media, it focused on the women in a program called cagney and lacey which is quite an old text to refer to but is still relevant.
Here are 2 of the few quotes I found relevant and can comment on in my independent study.
“There are only 3 ages for women in Hollywood. Babe, District attorney and driving miss daisy” Elise Eliot in the first wives club.
This was a quote taken form the show Cagney and lacey
“I hope the people of United States of America will be able to sleep better knowing that women like us have guns- thank you.” (Page 94)
The specific reference to WOMEN and not PEOPLE defines them as female characters and does not generalize between the genders.
A few hundred years back it would have been ok for men to carry a gun but for women it would almost be a crime. Now women carrying guns is seen as a good thing which shows how time has moved on and the movement of feminism has helped having a more equal society status.
That specific section also talks about a theory about the opposition of characters; in general for example it would be a man and woman….the opposites. But in the case of Cagney and lacey it shows more detailed differences, directly linking to gender differences, for example a feminine female and a more butch female, blonde hair brunette hair, smart female and a scruffy female. This is also seen in CSI with Sara and Catherine, where Sara is seen as the more masculine woman, and Catherine is the more feminine woman.
from here to modernity: feminism and post feminism By Barbara Creed (1987)
Whereas feminism would attempt to explain that crisis [of legitimation that Lyotard has described] in terms of the workings of patriarchal ideology and the oppression of women and other minority groups, postmodernism looks to other possible causes – particularly the West’s reliance on ideologies which posit universal truths – Humanism, History, Religion, Progress, etc. While feminism would argue that the common ideological position of all these ‘truths’ is that they are patriarchal, postmodern theory...would be reluctant to isolate a single major determining factor.
(Creed, 1987:52)
Defining women: TV and the case of cagney and lacey by Julie D’Acci (1994)
Reading through a few of the pages explains the ideology behind the program of cagney and lacey. It is not a feminist text, but helps the audience read more in tune with the feminist Aims of the program.
It also talks about the sexual spectacle made of the females in the media for male gaze. It carries on further in the text about pleasing and fulfilling the audiences fantasies, both male and female.
Fabrications: costume and the female body by Gaines Jane and Herzog charlotte(1990)
Although I haven’t had a chance to read through this book because I have to find it first, I’ve read a brief Summary posted up on the internet and this book basically takes Laura Mulvey’s theory and pushes it further with its own ideas, of how costumes helps the representation of women in media, to fulfil the voyeuristic male gaze.
Murder by the book feminism and the crime novel by Sally Munt(1994)
This book focuses on crime fiction novels rather than moving texts but I’m sure I could find a book I could relate back to in my independent study.
Spectacular bodies: gender, genre and the action cinema By Yvonne Tasker(1993)
This book talks about the representation of gender rather then sex, as Brigitte neilson, is a tall butch like female but her feminine features such as her breasts are enhanced naturally gives her a sexual fantasy look and has worked in Beverley hill cops. It also talks about how her real life is misrepresented and how men fear her because of her shape and size.
It also talks about how sometimes women are just used as a spectacle to make the story more complex and interesting, but as a human or infact a heroine she is of no real importance, her character won’t be a main one within the story if she’s supposed to be a saviour. Women are usually shown as the ones desperately seeking protection rather than actually helping to save someone.
The final Frontier By Glenda Riley
Need to borrow it to read through it
A woman’s place? By Monica Vincent (1982)
Can’t find a copy online but will follow up in our school library.
Representing women myths of femininity in the popular media By Myra MacDonald (1995)
This will hopefully be one of my biggest and best sources, flicking through the book I realised there is so much I can extract from that and can help me with my independent study, so I will have to …soon borrow this from the library and actually read through it thoroughly in order to understand the theory behind it.
Women gossip Women giggle. Women niggle-niggle-niggle. Men Talk.(Liz Lochhead, "Men Talk" from True Confessions, 1986)
Shopping is to a woman what getting drunk is to a man.(Columnist Dorothy Dix in Daily Mirror, 19 December 1935)
Nothing is impossible, not for she devils.Peel away the wife, the mother, find the woman, and there the she devil is.( Fay Weldon, The Life and Loves of a She Devil, 1983)
Blog Buddies
My blog buddies are…Kirandeep Jheita who’s doing representation of women in desperate housewives and from the other class Dilraj Bhamra who’s doing representation of women in x men 3.
My topic is quite specific so it was hard trying to find someone doing representation of women in the crime genre, but both desperate housewives and x men 3 have a sense of enigmatic crime to them………:s btw I have no idea if I’m making sense or not LOL.
Ok so Kiran’s Independent study is about the representation of women in Desperate Housewives. Kiran’s gonna focus on the representation and try and state that it is negative. Each character is shown differently ‘desperate’, desperate for something like money, love, a man, a family, a career, whereas a true representation would show problems in life, not perfectly airbrushed like Gabrielle or as successful as Bree.
Raj’s Independent study focuses on the representation of women in x men 3, even though I haven’t watched x men 3 (or any of the first one’s either lol)...Erm his question focuses on if women are still seen to be inferior to men. Even though these women seem to be powerful (in a fantasy-fied way lol) they are still incompetent of other things, making them inferior but not directly to male dominance it could be towards other things.
The way storm can control the weather is known as pathetic fallacy in English (I remember Mr. Munro teaching us this with a Shakespeare play I think) its when the weather reflects your mood so like, clouds and heavy rain can represent angry and upset, whereas a bright sunny day can show a happy emotion.
Both these studies can be related to mines in some way and can show how misrepresented women are even today in the media. Even though Females are shown much stronger than they used to, and can stand up for themselves and don’t act like damsel’s in distress waiting for their savior to come rescue them, they do need rescuing from their lives and are not perfect and happy without men.
From these blog’s I’ve learnt that women are misrepresented everywhere, and even though desperate housewives may seem like a breakthrough for women, as they are shown as successful independent women, the title ‘desperate’ is stamped on each character. Raj’s Blog has also shown that women are always shown as a jigsaw puzzle with a missing piece, anywhere within the media.
My topic is quite specific so it was hard trying to find someone doing representation of women in the crime genre, but both desperate housewives and x men 3 have a sense of enigmatic crime to them………:s btw I have no idea if I’m making sense or not LOL.
Ok so Kiran’s Independent study is about the representation of women in Desperate Housewives. Kiran’s gonna focus on the representation and try and state that it is negative. Each character is shown differently ‘desperate’, desperate for something like money, love, a man, a family, a career, whereas a true representation would show problems in life, not perfectly airbrushed like Gabrielle or as successful as Bree.
Raj’s Independent study focuses on the representation of women in x men 3, even though I haven’t watched x men 3 (or any of the first one’s either lol)...Erm his question focuses on if women are still seen to be inferior to men. Even though these women seem to be powerful (in a fantasy-fied way lol) they are still incompetent of other things, making them inferior but not directly to male dominance it could be towards other things.
The way storm can control the weather is known as pathetic fallacy in English (I remember Mr. Munro teaching us this with a Shakespeare play I think) its when the weather reflects your mood so like, clouds and heavy rain can represent angry and upset, whereas a bright sunny day can show a happy emotion.
Both these studies can be related to mines in some way and can show how misrepresented women are even today in the media. Even though Females are shown much stronger than they used to, and can stand up for themselves and don’t act like damsel’s in distress waiting for their savior to come rescue them, they do need rescuing from their lives and are not perfect and happy without men.
From these blog’s I’ve learnt that women are misrepresented everywhere, and even though desperate housewives may seem like a breakthrough for women, as they are shown as successful independent women, the title ‘desperate’ is stamped on each character. Raj’s Blog has also shown that women are always shown as a jigsaw puzzle with a missing piece, anywhere within the media.
Thursday, 18 October 2007
self evaluations
Attainment -- 1—I have developed my understanding of media a lot this year.
Effort -- 1 my blog work is always consistent and I hope to keep it that way J… also I do participate in class discussions a lot more than what I used to.
Punctuality -- 1 I’m always on time
Submission and quality of homework -- 1 so far so good
Ability to work independently -- 2 could be better, I depend on people input a bit, but I can do my own independent work as well.
Quality of writing -- 3 could be better I think personally I can use media terminology but I think I should be using much more.
Organization of Media folder -- 1 all in order
Oral contributions in class -- 1 I constantly participate in class discussions and I am not afraid to say what I think.
Standard of Module 5 blog-- 1 its sik lol its getting along very well, just having problems at home I can’t post up anything on the blog from my home computer there’ some sort of problem with the Google toolbar, so I have to come into school and then post things up .
Standard of Module 6 blog-- 2 good, we don’t have much to put up there yet, just media guardian stories so far so it should get better.
WWW--
blog work has been really good
class discussions and input
good understanding and focus in lessons
EBI--
more blog work, analyzing clips for med 5
read newspapers and articles everyday for med 6
try and use more media terminology
Effort -- 1 my blog work is always consistent and I hope to keep it that way J… also I do participate in class discussions a lot more than what I used to.
Punctuality -- 1 I’m always on time
Submission and quality of homework -- 1 so far so good
Ability to work independently -- 2 could be better, I depend on people input a bit, but I can do my own independent work as well.
Quality of writing -- 3 could be better I think personally I can use media terminology but I think I should be using much more.
Organization of Media folder -- 1 all in order
Oral contributions in class -- 1 I constantly participate in class discussions and I am not afraid to say what I think.
Standard of Module 5 blog-- 1 its sik lol its getting along very well, just having problems at home I can’t post up anything on the blog from my home computer there’ some sort of problem with the Google toolbar, so I have to come into school and then post things up .
Standard of Module 6 blog-- 2 good, we don’t have much to put up there yet, just media guardian stories so far so it should get better.
WWW--
blog work has been really good
class discussions and input
good understanding and focus in lessons
EBI--
more blog work, analyzing clips for med 5
read newspapers and articles everyday for med 6
try and use more media terminology
self directed research
Self directed research
Wickedness.net àacademic paper
http://lass.calumet.purdue.edu/cca/gmj/fa06/graduatefa06/gmj_grad_fa06_kleminski.htm --> another academic paper
Representation Tag: http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/gaze/gaze09.htmlWomen Tag: http://www.uiowa.edu/~commstud/resources/GenderMedia/index.htmlMed 5 tag:
http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC30820/represent.html
www.youtube.com for all of the videos I’ve watched or analyzed
www.wikipedia.org I know it isn’t totally reliable but I have used it.
CSI fan sites and the official websites
Wickedness.net àacademic paper
http://lass.calumet.purdue.edu/cca/gmj/fa06/graduatefa06/gmj_grad_fa06_kleminski.htm --> another academic paper
Representation Tag: http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Documents/gaze/gaze09.htmlWomen Tag: http://www.uiowa.edu/~commstud/resources/GenderMedia/index.htmlMed 5 tag:
http://www.aber.ac.uk/media/Modules/MC30820/represent.html
www.youtube.com for all of the videos I’ve watched or analyzed
www.wikipedia.org I know it isn’t totally reliable but I have used it.
CSI fan sites and the official websites
The scene starts of with a bird’s eye view of Las Vegas. This sets the scene and helps the audience understand where the show is set. It has non diegetic sound and a bridge from the following scene which takes a jump cut. Hodges the forensic scientist is talking to Catherine willows about her evidence. There is a slow zoom into Hodges Catherine and Warrick. This scene predominantly conveys the genre to the audience. Over the shoulder shots and Catherine and Hodges speak. She is tested on her geology and this shows her as an intellectual women. This subverts the dominant ideology and shows women can be just as superior as men. She is also a blonde woman which makes it oppose many other ideology and values. However the following lines still make her seem like a sex object and goes back to her teenage rebellious years. She talks about dating the T.A in high school, in a normal tone but as soon as Warrick starts talking her tone of voice and facial expression both change. The angle becomes slightly higher than before making her seem inferior yet this could be for the male gaze for men to believe she can be controlled and they are dominant. She squints her eyes slightly and her tone of voice becomes much huskier, this shows she is trying to flirt with Warrick and is trying to appeal to him. They are both caught in a moment until Hodges interrupts. This shows people can see the situation between them, and therefore Catherine, even though very intellectual and is at work, is still seen through the male gaze by Warrick and possibly by the audience. Although CSI subverts representing women in the light of stupid and just there for men’s desires, it still fulfills that ideology by showing this situation between Warrick and Catherine.
The props are quite basic and reflect the police and crime genre. Catherine’s facial expression changes yet again with a slight pout but trying to conceal her laughter and embarrassment, she is yet still looking at Warrick still keeping that connection even though Hodges has moved back to the evidence. Throughout the rest of the scene we can still see the embarrassment on warrick’s face. This whole scene has a slight romantic feel with Warrick and Catherine but primarily is set out for voyeurism by the male audience. The male gaze is fulfilled with Catherine’s facial expression tone of voice and what she is talking about.
This scene itself has a linear narrative which just follows the storyline but has an enigmatic code, as to what’s going on between Warrick and Catherine. The issue this brings up is “can women be realistically represented without fulfilling the male gaze in media texts?”
Programmes such as CSI should follow the crime storyline but they always have dual narratives with relationships etc and through this many females are represented as they would be in many other programmes.
Ten more media key words 4rm dictionary
1. Chick flick-- I may use this term to respond to films such as legally blonde, they show Reese Witherspoon and a lawyer even though she is not too clever she is a typical blonde woman who has a small dog and loves pink. Yet she does so much with her self and achieves things that help many people.
2. Cognition-- is where the audience perceives what they see in the media and believe it. Many people at fault for this cognition involve George bush, Rupert Murdoch and Richard Branson. Relating this to my I.S I can show that the media builds up expectations of women for the male gaze and CSI subverts it a lot.
3. Cognitive dissonance-- this is when an individual strongly opposes the cognition shown within the media. This can consist of feminist women.
4. Auteur-- are directors who have recognisable traits within their work, antony E. Zuiker is an auteur as he has directed all CSI series.
5. Crime fiction-- CSI comes within the crime fiction genre. All the stories are creatively written.
6. Cultivation theory-- theory constructed by George gerbner which states that the media can change the audiences’ views even in the real world. He states the media has long term affects which slowly take place.
7. Gender-- according to gender we can state that Sara sidle in CSI has slight masculine features about her, e.g. the way he dresses her appearance compared to Catherine willows which has much more feminine qualities about her.
8. Effects theory-- this theory researches how passive an audience can be, so if CSI showed all their convicts as black men, we would see the reaction within the audience and how they would react to black men in real life. This is the same with the representation of women. After seeing Catherine willows the male audience may generalise and misjudge all blonde females.
9. Marxist feminism-- where feminist women believe that capitalism is the fault for the inequality and insecurity of males within society. This can slightly relate to Catherine because she became an exotic dancer for money.
10. New man-- term to describe the change within men since feminism revolution began. more men are happy to share household work etc.
1. Chick flick-- I may use this term to respond to films such as legally blonde, they show Reese Witherspoon and a lawyer even though she is not too clever she is a typical blonde woman who has a small dog and loves pink. Yet she does so much with her self and achieves things that help many people.
2. Cognition-- is where the audience perceives what they see in the media and believe it. Many people at fault for this cognition involve George bush, Rupert Murdoch and Richard Branson. Relating this to my I.S I can show that the media builds up expectations of women for the male gaze and CSI subverts it a lot.
3. Cognitive dissonance-- this is when an individual strongly opposes the cognition shown within the media. This can consist of feminist women.
4. Auteur-- are directors who have recognisable traits within their work, antony E. Zuiker is an auteur as he has directed all CSI series.
5. Crime fiction-- CSI comes within the crime fiction genre. All the stories are creatively written.
6. Cultivation theory-- theory constructed by George gerbner which states that the media can change the audiences’ views even in the real world. He states the media has long term affects which slowly take place.
7. Gender-- according to gender we can state that Sara sidle in CSI has slight masculine features about her, e.g. the way he dresses her appearance compared to Catherine willows which has much more feminine qualities about her.
8. Effects theory-- this theory researches how passive an audience can be, so if CSI showed all their convicts as black men, we would see the reaction within the audience and how they would react to black men in real life. This is the same with the representation of women. After seeing Catherine willows the male audience may generalise and misjudge all blonde females.
9. Marxist feminism-- where feminist women believe that capitalism is the fault for the inequality and insecurity of males within society. This can slightly relate to Catherine because she became an exotic dancer for money.
10. New man-- term to describe the change within men since feminism revolution began. more men are happy to share household work etc.
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